Modern reflexologists in the United States and the United Kingdom often learn Ingham's method first, although there are other more recently developed methods. Reflexology is the practice of massaging, squeezing or pushing on parts of the feet, hands or the ears, with the goal of encouraging a beneficial effect on other parts of the body or to simply improve general health.
The precursor of modern reflexology was introduced to the United States in 1913 by William H. Fitzgerald, M.D. (1872-1942), an ear, nose and throat specialist, and Dr. Edwin Bowers. Fitzgerald claimed that applying pressure had an anesthetic effect on other areas of the body. Reflexology was further developed in the 1930s and 1940s by Eunice D. Ingham (1899-1974), a nurse and physiotherapist. Ingham claimed that the feet and hands were especially sensitive, and mapped the entire body into "reflexes" on the feet. It was at this time that this "Zone Therapy" was renamed reflexology. Modern reflexologists in the United States and the United Kingdom often learn Ingham's methods first, although there are other more recently developed methods.
The unifying theme is the idea that areas on the foot correspond to areas of the body, and that by manipulating these, can improve health through one's "Qi". Reflexologists claim that the body contains an energy field, invisible life force, or "Qi", the blockage of which can prevent healing. The Reflexologists goal is to relieve stress and pain in other parts of the body, as well as the release of endorphins (natural pain killers found in the body). In addition to promoting lymphatic flow in the body, or the dissolving of uric acid crystals.
Reflexology is often combined with other therapies and practices such as Accupressure, Shiatsu, Yoga, Tai Chi and Massage Therapy.
A reflexology chart shows the "reflex zones" worked by reflexologist on the soles of the feet. Similar maps exist for the position of the reflexes on the hands and ears. In this chart, the color codes represent the following organs or parts of the body:
Brain Stomach
Sinuses Spleen
Voice Liver
Pituitary Gland Gall Bladder
Neck & Throat Adrenal Gland
Eyes Pancreas
Ears Kidney
Armpit Ureter
Shoulder & Arm Bladder
Lung & Breast Colon
Heart Small Intestine
Thyroid & Bronchial Coccyx
Solar Plexus Sciatic Nerve
Diaphragm Peyer's Patches
Appendix